The patient is anesthetized, placed on his back, and secured to the surgery table. The hair in the surgical area is clipped. The scrotum containing the testicles is indicated by the red arrow. The red line indicates where the prescrotal incision will be made.

The surgical area is cleaned multiple times with two different surgical scrubs.

Two layers of sterile surgical drapes are placed around the surgical site. The red line again indicates where the surgcal incision will be made.

The first testicle is pushed forward to a point below where the surgical incision is to be made. An incision is then made through the skin and underlying tissues to expose the testicle contained within a layer of connective tissue. (In the open technique this layer of connective tissue is incised as well).

The testicle (red arrow) is exteriorized revealing the spermatic cord (blue arrow). The spermatic cord contains arteries, veins, the cremaster muscle, connective tissue, and the ductus deferens which carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra. Two surgical clamps are placed across the spermatic cord.

The spermatic cord is ligated in two locations using absorbable suture material (blue arrow). The blue line indicates where the spermatic cord will be transected between the two surgical clamps.

The testicle, epididymis, and a portion of the spermatic cord have been removed. The ligated stump of the spermatic cord (blue arrow) is ready to be released back into the body. The same procedure is followed to remove the second testicle.

The tissues beneath the skin are closed with absorbable suture material. The blue arrows indicate the knots at either end of the suture line.

The surgery is completed by closing the skin using absorbable suture material with all knots buried beneath the skin. The closed incision is located between the two blue lines. The empty scrotum is indicated by the blue arrow.

The now sterile male dog is recovered from anesthesia.